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FIRST    PRIMARY 
LANGUAGE  BOOK 


BY 

O.   S.    REIMOLD,   A.B. 

(university   of   MICHIGAN) 

FORMERLY   DIVISION    SUPERINTENDENT  OF   SCHOOLS 
TARLAC  PROVINCE,   PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 


REVISED   EDITION 
ILLUSTRATED 


YONKERS-ON-HUDSON,   NEW  YORK 

WORLD    BOOK    COMPANY 

.     1914 


EDnCAlIOS  iSSS. 


LANGUAGE  AND  SPELLING 
FOR    ENGLISH     CLASSES 

First  Primary  Language  Book 

By  O.  S.  Reimold.    Bound  in  cloth.     Illustrated  in  colors. 
List  price,  30  cents ;  mailing  price,  36  cents. 

Simple  lessons  in  English  for  the  beginner,  with  exer- 
cises that  appeal  to  children's  natural  interests.  Excep- 
tionally well  graded.  Written  especially  for  children 
to  whom  EngHsh  is  a  new  language.  A  book  whose 
usefulness  has  been  tried  and  proved  in  Porto  Rican 
schools. 

Second  Primary  Language  Book 

By  O.  S.  Reimold.   Bound  in  cloth.    Illustrated.   List  price, 
35  cents ;  mailing  price,  42  cents. 

Continues  the  work  begun  in  First  Primary  Language 
Book.  Many  language  lessons  centering  around  a 
series  of  Robinson  Crusoe  stories.  Drill  exercises  on 
essential  English  forms.  Has  proved  its  usefulness  in 
Porto  Rican  schools. 

First  Spelling  Book 

By  Margaret  A.    Purcell.     Bound  in   cloth.      Illustrated. 
List  price,  30  cents ;  mailing  price,  36  cents. 

A  speller  for  non-English  speaking  children.     Besides 
.    teaching  spelling —  a  subject  that  requires  special  atten- 
tion in  English  classes  —  gives  command  of  a  useful 
vocabulary  of  simple  and  essential  English  words. 

WORLD    BOOK    COMPANY 

YONKERS-ON-HUDSON,   NEW   YORK 

RFPLB  —  PR  I 


Copyright,  igos,  IQ07,  IQ14,  by  World  Book  Company. 
All  rights  reserved. 


PREFACE  Uit- 

This  book  is  designed  to  meet  the  requirements  for  language  work 
in  the  second  grade  of  Porto  Rican  elementary  schools. 

The  hope  of  making  easier  the  problem  of  teaching  the  young  Porto 
Rican  to  talk  English  has  prompted  these  lessons.  The  material  for 
the  exercises  has  been  drawn  from  the  everyday  interests  of  Porto  Rican 
children.  Since  the  children  are  familiar  with  these  subjects  and  in- 
terested in  them,  they  naturally  want  to  tell  what  they  know  about 
them.  Thus  the  exercises  furnish  an  incentive,  a  motive,  for  expression, 
or  language. 

The  lessons  help  and  guide  the  children  in  expression,  both  by  fur- 
nishing the  proper  words  and  idioms  and  by  leading  them  by  directions 
or  questions  to  their  use  in  oral  and  written  speech. 

Although  it  is  thought  unwise  in  the  teaching  of  a  strange  language 
to  young  children,  to  attempt  at  the  same  time  to  give  information  on 
new  and  unfamiliar  subjects,  the  author  has  directed  the  children's 
observation  to  new  elements  in  the  old  and  familiar.  In  this  way  inter- 
est is  maintained,  and  the  children  are  helped  to  evaluate  commonplaces 
which  play  an  important  part  in  their  lives  outside  of  the  schoolroom 
and  beyond  their  schooldays. 

Since  expression  in  simple  language,  correct  and  idiomatic,  is  de- 
sired, the  treatment  of  formal  grammar  has  been  held  down  to  only  that 
which  the  pupils  need  in  order  to  do  the  exercises  intelligently. 

The  pictures,  simple  in  outline,  full  of  action,  occasionally  enlivened 
by  a  touch  of  humor,  and  supplemented  by  short  reading  lessons,  serve 
to  quicken  interest  and  imagination,  as  well  as  to  afford  opportunity 
for  class  conversation. 

Suggestions  to  the  teachers,  in  the  footnotes  and  at  the  end  of  the 
book,  are  made  full,  simple,  and  explicit,  with  the  idea  of  putting  each 
earnest  teacher  in  a  position  to  secure  the  best  results. 

The  author  gratefully  acknowledges  the  help  of  Mr.  R.  S.  Garwood, 
Dean  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  of  the  University  of  Porto  Rico, 
and  his  assistants,  who  gave  valuable  help  in  the  adapting  and  selecting 
of  Porto  Rican  material. 

Thanks  are  extended  to  Charles  Scribner's  Sons  for  permission  to 
use  poems  by  Robert  Louis  Stevenson,  and  to  Charles  Keeler  for  per- 
mission to  use  some  of  his  own  poems. 


m7502^ 


CONTENTS 

PART   I 

LESSON  PAGB 

I .   Copy  Exercise        . 7 

2-4.   Luis  and  Felisa  at  Play ;  Filling  Blanks  in  Simple  Answer  Forms 

to  Questions 8-10 

5.  Luis  3.nd  Felisa.  2it  F\a.y ',  //tf  On,  C/ncier          .         .         .        .         .  il 

6.  Luis  and  Felisa  in  School ;  Writing  Answers  to  Questions      .         .  12 

7.  Writing  Answers  to  "What   is  doing?"    "What  are  

doing?" 13 

8.  Measuring  a  Desk .        .14 

9.  Making  a  Box 15 

10.  Felisa  and  her  Pets 16 

11.  The  Hen  and  her  Chicks          .         • 17 

12.  Drawing  Lesson 18 

13.  Color  Lesson;  A  Game  of  Finding  Things 19 

14.  Color  Lesson — Written  Exercise .20 

15.  The  Rain  — ^  P^^/zz 21 

16.  Parts  of  the  Body 22 

17.  Right  and  Left 23 

18.  Hands,  Fingers,  and  Feet 24 

19.  "  This  little  pig  went  to  market ", 25 

20.  Making  a  Wind-wheel 26 

21.  The  Dog  and  his  Reflection 27 

22.  Playing  Horse  with  Nero  ;  Writing  Answers  to  Questions  about  a 

Dog         .        .      • 28 

23.  Felisa  and  Pussy 29 

24.  Felisa  and  her  Brothers  and  Sisters 3^ 

25.  "What  can  a  little  baby  do?"  —  A  Poem 31 

26.  Eight  Little  Playmates  ;  Writing  Names  of  Boys  and  Girls     .         .  32 

27.  Playing  a  Game 33 

4 


CONTENTS 


PART  II 

LESSON  PAGB 

1 .  Names  of  Things 34 

2.  Pictures  of  Things ;  Writing  Names  of  Things        •         •         •         •  35 

3.  What  a  Statement  Is 36 

4.  Statements ;  Capital  Letter  and  Period 37 

5.  The  Horse 38 

6.  What  a  Question  Is 39 

7.  Questions  ;  Capital  Letter,  Question  Mark 40 

8.  Written  Review 41 

9.  Making  a  Lantern 42 

10.  What  a  Sentence  Is 43 

11.  The  Farmer — Written  Exercise 44 

12.  Names  of  Persons 45 

13.  Names  of  Persons — Written  Exercise 46 

14.  The  Family    .         . 47 

15.  The  Wise  Crow  — /^ /^^^/^ 48 

16.  Planting  Seeds 49 

17.  The  Seed  —  A  Poem 50 

18.  The  Earthworm       ....«..*...  51 

19.  The  Days  of  the  Week 51 

20.  The  Parts  of  a  Plant 52 

21.  A  Game 54 

22.  The  Carpenter  and  Other  Workmen        .         .         .         ...  55 

23.  Names  that  Mean  One  Thing  or  More  than  One      ....  56 

24.  Workmen  and  their  Tools 57 

25.  Is  2indi  Are 58 

26.  Names  of  Materials 59 

27.  The  Months  of  the  Year 60 

28.  "  Thirty  days  has  September  " 61 

29.  A  Rainy  Day 62 

30.  The  Weather 63 

31.  ThtWmd  — A  PocTH 64 

32.  The  Weather  Vane ;  Directions 65 

33.  A  Tobacco  Field — Written  Exercise 66 


CONTENTS 


LESSON  PAGB 

34.  The  Changa  and  Other  Insects        .         • 66 

35.  The  Changa  and  the  Ant  —  ^  7^«^/<? 67 

36.  How  to  Read  and  Write  Dates 68 

37.  Names  of  Places 70 

38.  Local  Geography — Written  Exercise 71 

39.  Making  a  Map  of  the  Plaza 72 

40.  The  Market 73 

41.  The  Goats  on  the  Bridge  —  A  Picture  Story 74 

42.  How  to  Read  and  Write  Titles 75 

43.  Greetings  and  Polite  Forms 76 

44.  Home  Activities 78 

45.  How  to  tell  Time 79 

46.  Divisions  of  the  Day 80 

47.  Morning  —  A  Poem  ^ 81 

48.  "  Sixty  seconds  make  one  minute " 81 

49.  Night ;  Moon  and  Stars 82 

50.  i:\i^yiQQ)n  —  A  Poem 83 

5 1 .  Luis  and  his  Shadow .84 

52.  T\i^^^o^-*- Written  Exercise 85 

53.  The  Flag 86 

54.  Description  of  a  Book 87 

55.  The  Best  Book  —  ^  P^^/^ 88 

56.  A  Story  in  Six  Pictures 89 

Suggestions  to  Teachers         .        .        .        •        ,        .        .         90^3 
Vocabulary        ....•••;..        94-96 


-y 


PART   I 


LESSON   I 


This  is  Luis. 
Luis  is  a 


This  is  FeHsa. 
FeHsa  is  a  — 


I   see  Nero. 
Nero  is  a  — 


(i\ 


\/ 


iJi^LA^ 


Let  the  children  first  read  this  lesson,  filling  each  blank  with  the  proper  word. 
After  the  oral  work  let  the  children  copy  all  the  sentences,  filling  each  blank  with 
the  right  word. 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  2 


Luis  is  running.  He  is  flying  his  kite. 
Nero  is  running  beside  Luis.  See  how 
high  the  birds  fly.  They  are  afraid  of 
the  kite.  Can  FeHsa  catch  the  pretty 
butterfly  ? 

What  do  you  see? 


see  a 


I 

I  see  two 
I  see  a  — 


and 


Ask  questions  about  the  picture.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  i,  2,  8. 

After  the  conversation  exercise,  let  each  pupil  read  the  question,  "  What  do  you 
see  ?  "  Then  let  him  read  the  answer  by  filling  the  blank  with  a  word  suggested  by 
the  picture.  The  pupils  should  learn  the  question  form  as  well  as  the  answer  forms. 
After  the  oral  drill  on  this  exercise,  let  the  pupils  copy  the  questions  and  the  four 
answer  forms,  filling  each  blank  with  a  word  as  they  did  in  the  oral  exercise. 


PART  I 


LESSON  3 


We  are  going  to  play.  I  am  carrying 
my  little  jar.  I  have  rice  in  my  jar. 
Luis  is  carrying  the  stove.  Will  you 
carry  the  wood,   Nero? 

What  has  Luis  ? 
Luis  has  a . 

What  has  the  dog  ? 
The  dog  has  the . 


What  has  Felisa? 

Felisa  has  a and  some 

What  do  you  see  ? 


Read  the  note  under  Lesson  2  and  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  i,  2,  8.  The  pupils 
should  supply  an  answer  for  the  last  question.  Give  oral  drill  on  the  question  form, 
"  Who  has  a ?  "     Also  drill  on,  "  What  have  you  ?  " 


lo  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  4 

Luis  is  going  to  market.  He  will 
buy  some  bananas.  Felisa  is  cooking 
the  rice.  Felisa  and  Luis  are  hungry. 
Will  they  give  Nero  some  rice?   , 

What  can  Luis  do  ?  , 

Luis  can . 

What  can  Felisa  do  ? 
Felisa  can . 

What  can  Nero  do  ? 
What  has  Luis  ? 
What  has  Felisa? 

Read  the  note  under  Lesson  2  and  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  i,  2,  8. 


LESSON  5 

Luis  made  this  table.  Felisa  put  the 
bananas  and  rice  on  the  table.  Do  you 
think  they  like  their  dinner  ? 

Where  are  the  bananas  ? 
The  bananas  are the  basket. 

Where  is  the  basket  ? 
The  basket  is the . 


Where  is  the  jar  ? 
What  do  you  see  on  the  table  ? 
What  do  you  see  under  the  table? 
What  can  Luis  make? 

Place  familiar  objects  on  the  table,  desk,  floor,  etc.;  under  the  table,  chair, 
bench,  etc.;  in  a  hat,  box,  etc.  Let  the  pupils  tell  where  the  things  are.  Direct 
them  to  put  familiar  objects  m,  on^  or  under  something. 


1      \ 


12  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  6 


"  Study  and  play  from  morn  till  night, 
Sleep  when  the  night  has  come ; 
Ready  again,  at  morning  light, 
For  pictures,  books,  and  fun/' 


Where  is  Luis  ? 
What  has  he  ? 
What  can  he  do  ? 
What  has  Felisa? 
Where  is  her  book  ? 
What  can  she  do  ? 
What  can  you  do  ? 


Ask  questions  about  the  picture  and  the  verse.  Let  the  pupils  copy  the  verse. 
When  they  understand  it,  let  them  memorize  it.  After  the  oral  drill,  let  them  copy 
the  questions  and  write  answers  to  them.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  i,  5,  6,  8. 


PART   I 


13 


LESSON  7 


What  is  the  duck  doing? 
The  duck  is . 


What  is  the  cat  doing  ? 
The  cat  is . 


What  are  the  birds  doing? 
The  birds  are . 


What  is  the  dog  doing? 
What  can  the  dog  do  ? 

What  can  you  do  ? 
What  are  you  doing  ? 


Where  is  the  duck  ? 
Where  are  the  birds  ? 
Where  are  you  ? 


Give  much  oral   drill   on   the  question  forms,   "  What   is  doing  ? "    and 

"  What  are  doing  ?  "  and  their  corresponding  answer  forms.     After  the  oral 

drill,  let  the  pupils  copy  the  questions  and  their  respective  answers. 


14  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  8 


Luis  has  a  ruler.  He  is  measuring 
his  desk.  Take  your  ruler.  Measure 
your  desk.  How  long  is  your  desk? 
How  wide  is  it?     How  high  is  it? 

I  have  a  ruler. 

I  can my  desk. 

I  measure  my  desk  with  my . 

My  desk  is centimeters  long.    • 

It  is centimeters  wide. 

It  is centimeters  high. 

The  pupils  should  understand  that  the  directions  and  questions  in  the  first  part 
of  the  lesson  are  meant  for  them.  Let  them  measure  their  desks  and  answer  the 
questions.  When  they  read  the  sentences  in  the  second  part,  let  them  supply  orally 
the  correct  words.  After  the  oral  drill,  let  them  copy  these  sentences,  filling  the 
blanks  with  the  right  words.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  7. 


PART   I 


LESSON   9 

Here  are  two  little  carpenters.  Luis 
is  measuring  a  board.  How  long  is 
the  board  ?  Antonio  is  sawing  a  board. 
What  will  he  do  with  the  board  ?  What 
do  you  think  the  boys  are  making  ? 

Who  are  these  boys  ? 

What  is  Luis  doing? 

How  does  he  measure  the  board? 

Who  is  sawing  a  board  ? 

How  does  he  saw  it  ? 

Can  you  saw  a  board  ? 


Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  i,  2,  8.     After  the  conversation  exercise,  let  the 
pupils  write  an  answer  to  each  question. 


i6 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


mm 


LESSON  10 

Here  is  Felisa  with  her  chicks.  The 
chicks  are  hungry.  FeHsa  gives  them 
rice  to  eat.  She  has  rice  in  her  hand. 
The  chicks  are  not  afraid  of  Felisa. 
They  will  eat  the  rice  from  her  hand. 

What  do  you  see  in  Felisa  s  hand  ? 
How  many  chicks  has  she? 
How  many  chicks  are  black  ? 
How  many  white  chicks  do  you  see  ? 
What  does  Felisa  give  the  chicks  ? 
Are  the  chicks  afraid  of  Felisa  ? 


Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  i,  2,  8.     After  the  oral  drill,  let  the  pupils  write 
an  answer  to  each  question. 


PART    I 


LESSON  11 


Come,  chicks,  come  to  your  mother ! 
She  is  calling  you.  She  wants  you  to 
come  to  her.      It  is  time  to  go  to  sleep. 

Here  are  the  white  chicks.  Where 
are  the  black  chicks  ?  Call  the  little 
black  chicks  again,  mother  hen.  It  is 
time  for  them  to  go  to  sleep. 

How  many  chicks  do  you  see? 

Can  you  see  the  black  chicks  ? 

Who  is  calling  the  chicks  ? 

Does   the   mother   hen  want   all    the  chicks  to 

come? 
How  does  the  mother  hen  call  her  chicks? 
Is  it  time  for  the  chicks  to  go  to  sleep  ? 

Give  drill  in  answering  questions  with  "  is  doing  "  and  '*  are  doing; "  as,  "  What 
is  the  hen  doing  ?  "     "  What  are  the  white  chicks  doing  ?  " 


i8  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

LESSON  12 

Put  your  slate  on  your  desk. 
Take  your  pencil. 
Draw  six  str;aight  lines. 
Draw  this  table. 


Draw  three  curved  lines.     CaJL 
Draw  this  jar.     (^  ^-7 

Put  the  jar  oij  the  table.       I 


I  drew  with  my  - 
I  drew  a and 


a 


The was  on  the  table. 

This  is  a line.     

This  is  a line. 

Drill  the  pupils  on  reading  and  following  printed  directions.  After  the  pupils 
have  read  the  first  part  of  the  lesson,  have  them  close  their  books.  Then  give  them 
orally  the  directions  as  above.  See  that  every  pupil  follows  the  directions.  Let 
some  of  the  pupils  work  at  the  board.  Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  7.  Let  the 
pupils  copy  the  last  five  sentences  and  fill  the  blanks  with  words. 


LESSON    13 

Felisa  and  Luis  are  looking  at  their 
new  book.  They  Hke  to  see  the  pretty 
pictures.  Luis  is  showing  FeHsa  a  yel- 
low flower.     What  can  you  find  in  your 

book  ? 

Find  a  brown  book. 

Find  a  green  tree. 

Find  a  boy  with  a  blue  coat. 

Find  a  black  dog. 

Find  Felisa  with  a  red  dress. 

Find  a  white  hat. 

Find  a  red  kite. 


Let  the  children  bring  to  school  bamboo  sticks,  leaves,  or  other  small  objects 
of  different  colors.  Ask  the  pupils  to  close  their  eyes  while  two  of  them  hide  these 
objects.  Then  call  each  pupil  by  name,  asking  him  to  find  an  object  of  some  particu- 
lar color.     He  must  look  until  he  finds  the  object  you  ask  for. 


20  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  14 

What  is  the  color  of  grass? 
What  color  is  the  mango  tree? 
What  color  is  the  ripe  mango  ? 
What  flower  is  red  ? 
What  color  is  the  sky  ? 
What  color  are  the  clouds  ? 
What  is  the  color  of  the  moon  ? 

Write  the  names  of  two  red  things. 
Write  the  names  of  two  green  things. 
Write  the  names  of  two  yellow  things. 
Write  the  names  of  two  blue  things. 
Write  the  names  of  two  white  things. 


After  the  oral  drill  on  the  first  exercise,  let  the  pupils  write  an  answer  to  each 
question  in  the  form  of  a  complete  statement.  Pay  particular  attention  to  the 
spelling.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  3. 


PART   I 


21 


LESSON  15 


The  rain  is  raining  all  around, 
It  falls  on  field  and  tree. 

It  falls  on  the  umbrellas  here, 
And  on  the  ships  at  sea. 

—  Robert  Louis  Stevenson. 

Who  are  these  children  ? 
Where  are  they  going  ? 
Why  have  they  an  umbrella  ? 
What  color  is  the  umbrella  ? 
What  color  is  Felisa's  dress  ? 
Where  are  the  ships  ? 

This  verse  suggests  material  for  a  conversation  exercise  on  the  rain  and  the 
umbrella.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  5,  6. 

The  verse  is  to  be  copied  and  memorized.  Review  the  verses  that  have  been 
memorized. 


22 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  16 


I  have  two  eyes. 

I  can with  my  eyes. 

I  have ears. 

I  can with  my  ears. 

I  have  one  nose. 

I  can with  my  nose. 

I  have mouth. 

I  can with  my  mouth. 

I  can with  my  hands. 


What  can  you  see  in  the  schoolroom  ? 
What  do  you  hear  early  in  the  morning  ? 
What  do  you  eat  for  dinner  ? 
What  flower  do  you  like  to  smell  ? 
What  can  you  make  with  your  hands  ? 
How  do  you  walk  ? 

Be  sure  that  every  pupil  becomes  familiar  with  the  printed  forms  of  new  words. 
Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  3.  After  the  oral  drill,  let  the  pupils  write  these 
exercises. 


PART    I 


23 


LESSON  17 

You  have  two  hands. 
One  is  the  right  hand. 
One  is  the  left  hand. 

Raise  your  right 
hand.  Raise  your  left 
hand.  Put  your  hands 
down. 

You  have  two  feet. 
Stand  on  your  feet. 
Put  your  left  foot  for- 
ward. Put  your  right 
foot  forward.  Left 
foot,  right  foot. 

Forward,  march ! 


take 


run 


hold 

lift 

jump 
hop 

carry 

dance 

Direct  the  pupils  to  do  things  with  their  left  or  right  hands,  or  with  both  hands. 
Let  them  form  in  line  and  march  around  the  room.     Teach  them  to  keep  step. 

Let  the  pupils  use  the  above  words  in  sentences,  oral  and  written;  as,  "  I  take  a 
pencil  with  my  left  hand.  I  hold  the  pen  in  my  right  hand.  I  kick  with  my  right 
foot."     Let  such  sentences  be  acted  out. 


24  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  18 


How  many  hands  do  you  see  in  the  picture? 
How  many  fingers  have  you  on  one  hand  ? 
How  many  fingers  have  you  on  two  hands  ? 
What  can  you  do  with  your  fingers  ? 
What  can  you  do  with  your  hands  ? 
With  which  hand  do  you  draw  ? 
What  can  you  do  with  your  left  hand  ? 
What  can  you  do  with  your  feet  ? 
How  many  toes  have  you  on  your  feet  ? 
How  many  toes  have  you  on  one  foot? 
What  do  you  wear  on  your  feet? 


hand 
hands 


finger 
fingers 


foot 
feet 


right 
left 


After  the  oral  drill,  let  the  pupils  write  answers  to  the  questions.  Let  the 
pupils  use  in  sentences  the  words  at  the  bottom  of  the  page.  Read  Suggestions  to 
Teachers,  3. 


PART   I 


25 


LESSON  19 


This  little  pig  went  to  market. 
This  little  pig  stayed  at  home. 
This  little  pig  had  rice  and  fish. 
This  little  pig  had  none. 
This  little  pig  said,  "  Wee,  wee  !  " 
All  the  way  home. 

Show  the  children  that  iki^  little  pigs  zx^  the  fingers  or  the  toes.  When  they 
have  learned  this  jingle,  let  them  point  to  each  finger  as  they  say,  "  This  little  pig." 
Ask  them  whether  they  know  similar  jingles  in  their  own  language. 


26 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE  BOOK 


LESSON  20 


Can  you  make  a  wind- 
wheel  ? 

Take  a  square  piece  of 
paper. 

Cut  it  with  the  scissors. 

Fold  the  corners. 

Put  a  pin  in  the  center. 

Now  put  the  wheel  on  a 
bamboo  stick. 

Hold  the  stick  in  your 
hand  and  run  across  the 
room.     See  the  wheel  spin  ! 

I  made  a . 

I  took  a  square  piece  of . 

I  cut  the  paper  with  the . 

I  folded  the . 

I  put  the  wind-wheel  on  a . 

The made  the  wheel  go  round. 

The  pictures  show  the  pupils  how  the  wind-wheel  is  made.  Let  them  make  a 
wind-wheel  in  class,  and  tell  what  they  are  doing.  After  the  oral  drill,  let  the  pupils 
copy  the  sentences  and  fill  the  blanks.     Read  the  note  under  Lesson  12. 


PART   I 


27 


LESSON   21 


had 


a 


A    hungry    — 
bone.      He    was    carrying 

the in  his  mouth.    He 

was  taking  the  home 

—  looked 


to    eat.     The 
into  the  water. 


In  the  — 
with  a  big 


he  saw  a  dog 

—  in  his . 

wanted     the . 


He 

He  opened  his 

it.       His    bone 

the .      Did  he  get  the 


—  to  get 
fell    into 


one 


Who  had  a  bone  ? 

How  was  he  carrying  the  bone? 

Where  was  he  going  with  it? 

What  did  he  see  in  the  water  ? 

What  did  he  do  to  get  the  big  bone  ? 

Where  did  his  bone  go  ? 

Was  he  a  greedy  dog  ? 


Let  the  pupils  read  the  story  in  class  and  supply  orally  the  words  in  place  of  the 
blanks.  After  having  read  the  story,  let  them  copy  it,  filling  the  blanks  with  the 
right  words.     The  questions  are  to  be  answered  orally. 


28 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  22 

One  day  Luis  said  to  Fellsa,  "We 
will  give  your  doll  a  ride.  Nero  will  be 
our  horse/'  Nero  liked  to  play  horse. 
But  he  saw  Pussy  and  then  he  ran. 
Pussy  ran  up  a  tree.  Did  Nero  catch 
Pussy  ?     Could  he  climb  the  tree  ? 

Have  you  a  dog? 

What  is  his  name  ? 

What  color  is  your  dog  ? 

Is  his  hair  rough  or  smooth  ? 

Is  his  tail  long  or  short  ? 

What  can  your  dog  do  ? 

What  does  he  like  to  eat  ? 

Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  8.  Let  the  pupils  write  an  answer  to  each 
question. 


PART   I 


29 


LESSON    23 


Felisa  is  playing  with  Pussy.  Pussy 
is  Felisa's  little  black  cat.  Felisa  likes 
to  play  with  Pussy. 

Pussy  has  sharp  claws.  She  can 
scratch  with  them.  She  will  not  scratch 
Felisa.      Felisa  is  good  to  her. 

What  color  is  Felisa's  little  cat  ? 
What  are  Felisa  and  Pussy  doing  ? 
Is  Felisa  good  to  Pussy  ? 
How  many  paws  has  Pussy? 
What  has  Pussy  in  her  paws  ? 
Are  her  claws  sharp  ? 
Will  Pussy  scratch  Nero  ? 
Has  Nero  sharp  claws? 

Let  the  pupils  answer  the  questions  orally. 


30 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  24 


I  have  two  brothers.  My  brothers  are 
Luis  and  Antonio.  Pilar  and  Gracia 
are  my  sisters.  Gracia  is  a  baby.  Pilar 
takes  care  of  her  little  sister. 

I  like  to  play  with.  Pussy,  and  my 
brothers  like  to  play  with  Nero. 

My  name  is . 

I  am years  old. 

I  live  in . 

I  have brothers  and sisters. 


The  name  of  my  big  brother  is 
is  my  little  sister. 


PART   I 


LESSON  25 

What  can  a  little  baby  do  ? 
Clap  his  hands  and  coo  and  coo, 
Kick  and  roll  and  smile  and  grow ; 
That  IS  why  we  love  him  so. 

—  Charles  Keeler. 

What  can  a  baby  do  ? 

Can  a  baby  run  ? 

What  can  a  baby  say? 

What  is  the  baby  in  the  picture  doing? 

Where  is  the  baby  ? 

Why  do  we  love  the  baby  ? 

Have  you  a  baby  at  your  home? 


Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  6.     Review  the  verses  which  have  been  learned. 


32 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  26 

We  are  eight  little  playmates.  Our 
names  are  Elisa,  Ramon,  Pablo,  Car- 
men, Paz,  Manuel,  Antonio,  and  Clara. 
Today  is  Saturday.  We  do  not  go  to 
school.  Let  us  play  a  game.  We  will 
call  Luis  and  Felisa. 

How  many  girls  are  in  your  class  ? 
Write  the  names  of  the  girls. 
How  many  boys  are  in  your  class  ? 
Write  the  names  of  the  boys. 
Write  the  names  of  your  playmates. 


Let  the  pupils  point  to  the  boys  and  girls  in  the  picture,  and  give  each  a  name 
found  in  the  lesson.  Teach  them  that  all  names  begin  with  capital  letters.  The 
second  part  is  a  written  exercise. 


PART    I 


33 


LESSON   27 

The  children  stood  in  a  big  circle. 
Manuel  took  a  handkerchief  and  ran 
around  the  boys  and  girls.  He  dropped 
the  handkerchief  behind  Carmen.  Car- 
men found  the  handkerchief.  Can  she 
catch  Manuel  ? 

What  game  did  the  children  play  ? 

How  many  children  played  ? 

What  did  Manuel  do  with  the  handkerchief? 

Who  found  the  handkerchief? 

What  did  Carmen  do  then  ? 

What  game  do  you  like  to  play  ? 


Let  the  children  play  this  game  in  school.     After  the  oral  drill,  let  the  pupils 
write  answers  to  the  questions. 


PART   II 


LESSON    1 


There  are  many  things  in  this  room. 

Tell  the  name  of  one  thing  that  you  see. 

Take  something  in  your  hand.  What  have  you.? 
What  is  the  name  of  it  ? 

Look  out  of  the  window.  Point  to  something.  Tell 
the  name  of  it. 

All  things  have  names. 

Here  are  the  names  of  eight  things.  Read  the  names 
and  point  to  the  things : 

1.  desk         3.   window         5.    house         7.   tree 

2.  table        4.   door  6.   book  8.   hat 


WRITTEN   EXERCISES 

I.    Copy  the  eight  names  that  you  read. 

II.    Write  the  names  of  five  things  at  your  home. 

Write  the  names  of  five  things  that  you  can  see  in  the  street. 

Ask  the  pupils  to  name  several  things  in  the  schoolroom.  Put  these  names  on 
the  blackboard.  Make  clear  to  the  pupils  the  relation  between  the  object  and  the 
written  word  which  names  the  object.  When  you  have  five  or  six  names  on  the 
board,  point  to  some  name  and  let  the  pupil  point  to  the  object.  Also  point  to  some 
object  and  let  the  pupil  point  to  the  name  and  pronounce  it.  Every  pupil  should 
know  the  names  of  things  about  the  schoolroom  ;  as,  blackboard^  crayon^  eraser, 
fointery  ruler ^  bookcascy  itikstandy  penholder ^  bench,  etc. 
Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  9. 

34 


PART  II 


35 


o 


ffi^^ 


LESSON  2 


WRITTEN   EXERCISES 


I.     Write  the  names  of  the  things  in  these  pictures, 
II.     Write   in  one  column  the  names  of  things  for  men;  in 
another  column  the  names  of  things  for  women : 

trousers 
parasol 
umbrella 
handkerchief 

^ five  kinds  of  fruit, 

2.  Write  the  names  of  five  little  plants. 

3.  Write  the  names  of  five  things  that  can  run. 

Do  not  assign  too  much  work  at  a 


I. 

hat 

5.   skirt             9 

2. 

fan 

6.   shoes.        10 

3. 

veil 

7.   slippers      11, 

4- 

coat 

8.   collar         12. 

III. 

I.     Write  the  names 

13- 

camisa 

14. 

panuelo 

15- 

cane 

16. 

shirt 

time 


Oral  drill  should  precede  all  written  work 
Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  2. 


36  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

LESSON   3 

Point  to  something  in  this  room.  Tell  the  name  of 
it.     Tell  something  about  it. 

Look  out  of  the  window.  What  do  you  see  ?  Tell 
something  about  what  you  see. 

What  kind  of  day  is  today?  Is  it  bright?  Is  it 
cloudy  ?     Tell  something  about  the  day. 

When  you  tell  something,  you  make  a  statement. 
When  you  tell  something  about  the  day,  you  make  a 
statement  about  the  day.    Make  a  statement  about  the  sun. 

A  statement  tells  something. 

Here  are  three  statements.     Read  these  statements : 

1.  The  day  is  bright. 

2.  The  boys  are  studying. 

3.  My  dog  can  bark. 

The  first  statement  is  about  the  day. 

The  second  statement  is  about  the . 

What  is  the  last  statement  about? 

Cofiy  the  three  statements  above. 

Tell  something  about  your  hat. 
Tell  something  about  the  table. 
Tell  something  about  your  sister. 
Make  a  statement  about  your  pencil. 
Make  a  statement  about  a  ball. 

Make  clear  the  meaning  of  the  word  statement.  Ask  the  pupils  to  make  many 
statements  about  familiar  things.  The  statements  should  be  short,  complete,  and 
correct. 

Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  9. 


PART   II 


37 


LESSON  4 

Look  at  the  statements  which  you  copied  in  Lesson  3. 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  the  first  word  of  the 
first  statement  begin?  With  what  kind  of  letter  does 
the  first  word  of  the  second  statement  begin  ? 

Look  at  the  first  word  of  the  last  statement.  With 
what  kind  of  letter  does  it  begin  ? 

The  first  word  of  a  statement  begins  with  a  capital 
letter. 

What  mark  do  you  see  after  the  first  statement? 
What  mark  do  you  see  after  the  second  and  the  last 
statements  ? 

We  put  a  period  after  a  statement. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 


Write  four  statements : 

1.  Tell  something  about  the  bird. 

2.  Tell  something  about  the  eggs. 

3.  Tell  something  about  the  nest. 

4.  Tell  something  about  the  branch. 
With  what  kind  of  letter  does  each  state- 
ment begin? 

What  mark  do  you  put  after  each  statement  ? 

Make  clear  the  meaning  of  the  words  capital  letter  and  period.     Let  the  pupils 
write  capital  letters  on  the  board.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  9. 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON   5 

Manuel  is  riding  to  market  *^ 

His  horse  has  a  long  neck  and  a  black  mane. 
Its  feet  are  hard.     Its  feet  are  called  hoofs. 
The  horse  can  walk,  trot,  and  run.     It  can  also 
pull  a  cart. 

The  horse  eats  grass  and  drinks  water. 


WRITTEN   EXERCISE 
Write  five  statements  about  the  horse  : 

1.  Tell  something  about  its  neck. 

2.  Tell  something  about  its  mane. 

3.  Tell  something  about  its  hoofs. 

4.  Tell  something  about  what  it  eats. 

5.  Tell  what  the  horse  can  do. 


PART   II  39 


LESSON  6 

1.  The  parrot  has  a  sharp  bill. 

This   is   a   statement.      Why   is   it   a 
statement? 

2.  Can  the  parrot  sing? 
This  is  not  a  statement.     It  does  not 

tell  anything.  It  asks  something.  It 
asks  something  about  the  parrot. 

You  may  ask  something  about  the  parrot.  Ask  some- 
thing about  its  feathers.     Ask  something  about  its  bill. 

When  you  ask  something,  you  use  a  question. 

A  question  asks  something. 

What  does  a  statement  do? 

Here  are  three  questions.     Read  these  questions: 

1.  What  can  the  parrot  do ? 

2.  Is  the  wind  blowing  today? 

3.  Where  do  you  live  ? 

Copy  the  qtiestions  that  you  read. 

Ask  a  question  about  your  cat.  Make  a  statement 
about  your  cat.     Ask  something  about  her  paws. 

Make  a  statement  about  your  book.  Ask  a  question 
about  your  book.     Ask  a  question  about  this  lesson. 

Give  the  pupils  much  oral  drill  every  day  on  asking  questions.  Let  the  questions 
vary.  Let  them  be  short.  It  is  as  important  that  the  children  learn  the  question 
forms  as  the  answers  to  questions.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  9. 


40  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

LESSON  7 

Have  you  a  pencil  ? 

Is  this  a  statement  or  a  question  ? 

Why  is  it  not  a  statement  ?     Why  is  it  a  question  ? 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  the  first  word  of  this 
question  begin? 

Find  another  question  on  another  page.  With  what 
kind  of  letter  does  the  first  word  begin  ? 

The  first  word  of  a  question  begins  with  a  capital 
letter. 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  the  first  word  of  a 
statement  begin  ? 

What  kind  of  mark  do  you  see  after  a  question? 

This  mark  (?)  is  called  a  question  mark. 

We  put  a  question  mark  after  a  question. 

What  mark  do  we  put  after  a  statement? 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 
Write  five  questions : 

1.  Ask  something  about  the  goat. 

2.  Ask  something  about  the  wall. 

3.  Ask  something  about  the  tree. 

4.  Ask  something  about  your  slate 

5.  Ask  something  about  the  day. 

What  mark  do  you  put  after  each  question? 

The  first  part  of  this  lesson  is  partly  review.  Pupils  should  learn  to  answer 
questions  about  their  lessons.     Review  every  day. 


PART   II  41 


LESSON   8 
WRITTEN    EXERCISES 

I.  Here  are  the  names  of  things  at  your  home.      Write  a 
statement  about  each  thing: 

1.  yard  5.  floor  9.  chair  13.  plate 

2.  fence  6.  post  10.  mat  14.  fork 

3.  gate  7.  wall  11.  pillow  15.  knife 

4.  steps  8.  window  12.  candle  16.  spoon 

II.    Write  a  question  about  each  of  these  animals: 

1.  pig  4.  lizard  7.   goat  10.   frog 

2.  hen  5.  horse  8.   turkey  11.    fish 

3.  cow  6.  duck  9.   crab  12.   ox 

III.    Copy  the  following  statements  and  questions.     Put  the 
name  of  a  thing  in  place  of  each  blank : 

I.    Can  you  throw  a ? 


2.  A swam  in  the  river. 

3.  Did  the  boy  wash  his 


4.  Did  he  comb  his ? 

5.  The tells  the  time. 

6.  A has  two  wheels. 

7.  The has  four  paws. 

8.  How  many  fingers  have  you  on  one 

9.  A gives  us  light. 


42 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  9 


Let  us  make  a  lantern  today. 

Get  a  piece  of  bamboo.     Take  your  knife. 

Cut  some  sticks.     The  sticks  must  be  straight. 

Now  make  the  frame. 

Measure  your  paper.  Cut  it  with  the  scissors. 
Put  the  paper  on  the  frame. 

Put  a  blue  star  on  each  side  of  the  lantern. 

Put  a  candle  into  the  lantern.  Tonight  you 
may  light  the  candle. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISES 

I.  Write  the  names  of  the  things  of  which  you  made  your 
lantern.     Write  the  names  of  the  tools  that  you  used. 

11.    Copy  the  following  questions  and  write  an  answer  to  each. 

I.   What  did  you  make? 

Let  each  pupil  make  a  simple  lantern.  A  part  of  the  lantern  may  be  made 
in  class,  and  the  work  may  be  made  the  subject  of  a  conversation  exercise.  Put 
the  best  lanterns  in  the  schoolroom.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  4,  7. 


PART   II 


43 


2.  Of  what  did  you  make  your  lantern  ? 

3.  With  what  did  you  cut  the  bamboo  ? 

4.  With  what  did  you  cut  the  paper  ? 

5.  With  what  did  you  measure  the  paper? 

6.  How  did  you  put  the  paper  on  the  frame  ? 

7.  How  did  you  put  on  the  stars  ? 

8.  What  is  a  lantern  used  for  ? 


LESSON    10 

A  statement  is  called  a  sentence. 
A  question  is  called  a  sentence. 
Some      sentences      tell      something. 
Some  sentences  ask  something. 
Here  are  two  sentences: 

1.  What  is  the  girl  doing? 

2.  The  girl  is  playing. 

The  question  asks  something  about 
the  girl.  The  statement  tells  some- 
thing about  the  girl. 

The  statement  is  an  answer  to  the  question.  The 
answer  is  a  statement. 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  the  first  word  of  the 
first  sentence  begin?  With  what  kind  of  letter  does 
the  first  word  of  the  second  sentence  begin? 

The  first  word  of  a  sentence  begins  with  a  capital 
letter. 


Review    statement^    question^   period,    question   mark. 
Teachers,  3. 


Read  Suggestions    to 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


5.  yoke 

6.  rope 


LESSON    11 
WRITTEN  EXERCISES 
I.    Use  each  of  the  following  words  in  a  sentence 

1.  farmer  3.   plow 

2.  field  4.    oxen 

II.    Copy  these  sentences  and  fill  the  blanks : 

1.  Two are  working  in  the . 

2.  They  are with  oxen. 

3.  Two pull  the  plow. 

4.  The  oxen  have  a on  their  necks. 

5.  The  yoke  is  made  of . 

6.  It  is  tied  to  the  horns  with . 


PART   II 


45 


LESSON    12 


I. 

2. 

3- 
4- 


This  boy  is  Pedro  Cruz. 
Pablo  Cruz  is  his  brother. 
His  little  sister  is  Luisa  Cruz. 
His  father  is  Sexto  Cruz. 


What  is  the  name  of  this  boy  ?  What 
is  his  brother's  name?  Who  is  his  little 
sister  ?     What  is  his  father's  name  ? 

What  is  Pedro's  last  name  ?  What  is 
his  sister's  last  name?  Read  the  last 
names  of  his  brother  and  his  father. 
Why  do  they  all  have  the  same  last  name  ? 

The  name  Cruz  tel^s  to  what  family  each  one  belongs. 
They  all  belong  to  the  Cruz  family.  Cruz  is  the  family 
name. 

What  is  your  last  name  ?    What  is  your  family  name  ? 

The  last  name  of  a  person  is  the  family  name. 

What  is  the  boy's  first  name?  What  is  the  first 
name  of  his  sister?  What  is  your  first  name?  Who 
gave  you  this  name  ?     Who  gave  Pablo  his  first  name  ? 

The  first  name  of  a  person  is  the  given  name. 

What  is  this  boy's  given  name  ?  What  is  his  brother's 
given  name  ?  What  is  his  family  name  ?  Now  read  his 
whole  name.  Pablo  Cruz  is  his  full  name.  What  is 
his  father's  full  name  ?     What  is  your  full  name  ? 

The  given  name  and  the  family  name  make  the  full  name. 


46  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  each  name  of  these 
persons  begin? 

All  the  names  of  persons  begin  with  capital  letters. 

LESSON    13 

Here  are  the  names  of  six  boys  and  girls.  Read  their 
given  names.  What  are  their  family  names  ?  Now  read 
their  full  names. 

1.  Felix  Sanchez.  4.  Pilar  Garcia. 

2.  Alfonso  Colon.   <,  5.  Mercedes  Sanchez. 

3.  Felicidad  Reyes.  6.  Carlos  Espinosa. 

Read  the  names  of  the  boys.  Read  the  names  of  the 
girls.  Which  of  these  children  belong  to  the  same  fam- 
ily ?     How  can  you  tell  ? 

WRITTEN   EXERCISES 

I.    Copjy  the  7iames  of  the  boys  and  girls  named  in  this  lesson. 

II.  Write  an  answer  to  each  question.  Make  each  answer  a 
statement. 

1.  What  is  your  given  name.^^ 

2.  What  is  your  family  name  .f* 

3.  What  is  your  full  name  ? 

4.  What  is  your  father's  given  name? 

5.  What  is  his  full  name } 

6.  What  is  your  mother's  family  name  ? 

7.  What  is  her  full  name } 


PART  II 


47 


LESSON    14 

many  persons  are  in  this  family?  The 
father  and  the  mother  are  the  parents  of  the  chil- 
dren. The  parents  take  care  of  the  children. 
Point  to  the  parents. 

How  many  children  are  in  this  family?  How 
many  brothers  do  you  see  ?  How  many  sisters 
are  there?  The  children  can  help  their  parents. 
They  love  and  obey  their  parents. 

Who  is  the  old  person  ?  Have  you  a  grand- 
mother? The  children  love  their  grandmother. 
She  is  very  old. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 


Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  How  many  persons  are  in  your  family? 

2.  How  many  children  are  in  your  family.? 

3.  What  are  the  names  of  your  brothers  ? 

4.  What  are  the  names  of  your  sisters  ? 

5.  What  is  the  full  name  of  your  grandmother  ? 


48 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


A  thirsty- 


Near  the 


LESSON  15 

found   some  water  in  a 

The was 

tall.       There 
was    only    a 

little  in 

it:    The  poor 

could  not 

the    wa- 
ter.   He  tried 

to the  jar 

with  his  bill. 
But    the    jar 

was  too . 

the  crow 


a  pile  of  stones, 
in  his  .     He 


He    carried  some  of   the  — 

dropped  them the  jar.     The  water  rose,  and 

the  crow  could the  water. 

This  was  a crow. 


WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Write  four  questions  about  the  crow. 
Write  an  answer  to  each  question. 

The  exercise  may  be  varied  by  asking  the  pupils  to  draw  the  pictures  and 
write  a  statement  about  each  picture.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  7. 


PART   II 


49 


LESSON    16 

Three  boys  made  a  garden  with  the  fork, 
hoe,  and  rake. 

They  planted  vegetable  seeds  in  their  garden. 
They  put  the  seeds  into  the  soft  soil.  They 
planted  some  seeds   in  rows. 

The  seeds  grew  and  became  plants.  The  boys 
took  good  care  of  their  garden.  They  cut  out 
the  weeds  with  the  hoe.  They  kept  the  soil  fine 
and  soft. 

When  the  vegetables  were  good  to  eat,  the 
boys  sold  them  in  the  market.  They  sold 
radishes,  melons,  onions,  lettuce,  beans,  tomatoes, 
and  corn. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.    Write  the  names  of  six  vegetables. 
Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  3. 


so  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

II.     Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  How  do  we  make  a  garden  ? 

2.  What  do  we  plant  in  a  garden  ? 

3.  What  seeds  do  we  plant  in  rows  ? 

4.  What  seeds  do  ants  eat  ? 

5.  How  do  we  take  care  of  a  garden? 

6.  How  do  we  keep  the  weeds  out  ? 

7.  What  vegetables  grow  very  fast  ? 

8.  What  vegetables  grow  on  large  plants  ? 

9.  What  vegetables  do  we  cook  ? 

10.   What  vegetables  do  you  like  best  ? 

LESSON  17 

THE  SEED 

In  the  heart  of  a  seed, 
Buried  deep,  so  deep, 

A  dear  little  plant 
Lay  fast  asleep. 

"  Wake,"  said  the  sunshine, 
*^  And  creep  to  the  light." 

"  Wake,"  said  the  voice 
Of  the  raindrops  bright. 

Co/>y  this  poem  and  memorize  it. 
Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  6. 


PART   II 


51 


WR^^r^^ 


.^^.^ 


LESSON     18 

Did  you  ever  see  an  earthworm  ? 

The  earthworm  lives  in  the  ground.  After 
it  has  rained,  we  see  many  earthworms  in  the 
street.     Where  do  they  come  from  ? 

The  earthworm  has  no  legs.  It  cannot  walk. 
The  earthworm  crawls.  It  can  crawl  in  the 
ground. 

The  earthworm  has  no  eyes.     It  cannot  see. 

Chickens  like  to  eat  earthworms. 

We  can  put  an  earthworm  on  a  hook  and  catch 
a  fish  with  it. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Write  six  questions  about  the  earthworm. 
Write  an  answer  to  each  question. 


LESSON  19 


Sunday 


Monday  Thursday 

Tuesday  Friday 

Wednesday  Saturday 

How  many  days  has  a  week  ? 


52  FIRST   PRIMARY  LANGUAGE   BOOK 

Read  the  names  of  the  days  of  the  week. 

What  day  is  today?  What  day  was  yesterday? 
What  day  is  tomorrow? 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  the  name  of  each  day 
of  the  week  begin  ? 

The  names  of  the  days  of  the  week  begin  with  capital 
letters. 

What  other  names  begin  with  capital  letters  ? 

WRITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.    Copy  the  names  of  the  days, 
II.    Write  an  answer  to  each  question : 

1.  What  is  the  name  of  the  first  day  of  the  week? 

2.  What  is  the  second  day  ? 

3.  What  is  the  name  of  the  last  day? 

4.  On  what  days  do  you  go  to  school  ? 

5.  How  many  school  days  are  there  in  a  week? 

6.  What  did  you  do  last  Saturday  ? 

7.  Where  shall  you  go  next  Sunday  ? 

LESSON  20 

A  plant  has  roots,  leaves,  and  a  stem. 

The  roots  grow  in  the  ground.  Some  plants 
have  many  small  roots,  and  some  have  one  large 
root. 

Lesson  19.    The  pupils  should  learn  the  names  of  the  days  in  their  order.    Note 
the  spelling  in  the  written  work.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  3. 
Lesson  20.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  3,  4. 


PART  II  53 


The  stem  grows  out  of  the  ground.  Some 
plants  have  large,  tall  stems.  The  stem  of  the 
rice  plant  is  tall  and  slender. 

The  stem  of  a  tree  is  called  a  trunk. 

The  leaves  grow  in  the  air.  The  leaves  are 
green.     The  banana  plant  has  large  leaves. 

Some  plants  have  pretty  blossoms. 


WRITTEN   EXERCISE 
Write  an  answer  to  each  question : 

1.  What  are  the  three  parts  of  a  plant? 

2.  What  kind  of  roots  has  corn  ? 

3.  What  plant  has  large  roots  ? 

4.  What  color  are  the  roots  ? 

5.  What  is  the  shape  of  the  stem  of  the  banana  plant? 

6.  What  plant  has  a  short  stem  ? 

7.  What  kind  of  leaves  has  the  bamboo  ? 

8.  What  plants  have  large  pods  ? 

9.  What  plants  have  pretty  blossoms  ? 


54 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  21 

Do  you  like  to  play  games?  What  are  these 
children  playing? 

Juan  marked  the  lines  on  the  ground  with  a 
stick.     Paz  found  a  block  of  wood. 

Luisa  is  standing  on  one  foot.  She  will  kick 
the  block.     Can  you  hop  and  kick  a  block  ? 

What  game  do  you  like  best  ? 


WRITTEN   EXERCISE 
Write  an  answer  to  each  question : 

1.  How  many  children  do  you  see? 

2.  What  are  their  names  ? 

3.  What  game  are  they  playing  } 

4.  What  will  Luisa  do  ? 

5.  Can  you  play  this  game } 

6.  How  many  counts  can  you  make  in  this  game? 

Tell  some  pupil  to  put  a  plan  of  this  game  on  the  floor  with  a  piece  of  chalk. 
Let  some  of  the  children  play  the  game.  Encourage  them  to  talk  in  English  about 
the  game.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  7. 


PART   II 


55 


LESSON  22 

These  men  are  working. 
A  man  who  works  is  called 
a  workman.  These  are  two 
workmen.  They  are  build- 
ing a  house.  A  man  who 
builds  a  house  is  called  a 
carpenter.  What  else  can 
a  carpenter  do  ? 

There  are  many  kinds  of 
workmen.  What  do  you 
call  a  man  who  works  in 
the  field?  What  does  a 
blacksmith  do?  Who  makes 
clothes  ?  Who  bakes  bread  ? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES 

I.    Write  the  names  of  six  kinds 
of  ivorkmen, 

II.  Write  an  answer  to  each 
question : 

1.  Who  makes  shoes? 

2.  Who  plants  sugar-cane  t 

3.  Who  catches  fish  ? 

4.  Who  makes  clothes  ? 


5.  Who  makes  horse-shoes  ? 

6.  Who  makes  hats  t 

7.  Who  makes  jars  and  pots  ? 

8.  Who  makes  tables  ? 


9.  How  many  work  days  are  there  in  a  week? 


56  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  23 

i 


The  book.        P  The  books. 

One  bottle.      SI  Three  bottles,    d 


A  pencil.         y^  Many  pencils. 

Read  the  names  that  mean  one. 
Read  the  names  that  mean  more  than  one. 
Here  are  the  names  of  some  things.     Read  the  names 
and  tell  whether  they  mean  one  or  more  than  one. 

1.  chicken  3.  dog  5.  girl  7.  plants 

2.  goats  4.  cats         6.  boys        8.  banana 

WRITTEN   EXERCISES 

I.   Here  are  eight  names.     Each  is  the  name  of  one.      Write 
each  so  that  it  means  more  than  one : 


I.  brother 

3.  day 

5.  horse 

7.  tailor 

2.  root 

4.  seed 

6.  lantern 

8.  crow 

II.  Each  of  these  words  is  the  name  of  more  than  one.  Write 
each  so  that  it  means  one  : 

1.  slates  3.  stems  5.  sisters  7.  carts 

2.  weeks         4.  gardens       6.  pupils  8.  shoemakers 

Show  the  pupils  that  the  plural  is  formed  by  adding  s  to  the  singular.  Drill  on 
the  pronunciation  of  the  words  ending  in  s.  Do  not  use  the  words  singular  and 
plural  in  class.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  3. 


PART    II 


57 


LESSON    24 

Here  are  two  workmen.  Can  you  tell  what 
they  are  called  ? 

The  blacksmith  makes  things  of  iron. 

He  puts  the  iron  into  the  fire.  He  holds  the 
hot  iron  with  the  tongs.  He  strikes  the  iron 
with  the  hammer. 

Hammers  and  tongs  are  called  tools.  What 
other  tools  does  the  blacksmith  use  ? 

What  tools  does  the  carpenter  use?  What 
tools  can  you  use? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISES 

I.     Write  the  names  of  ten  kinds  of  tools. 
11.    Write  a  sentence  about  each  tool  that  you  named. 


58  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

III.    Write  an  answer  to  each  question : 

1.  What  can  you  do  with  a  hammer? 

2.  What  workman  uses  a  hammer? 

3.  What  does  the  carpenter  do  with  it? 

4.  With  what  tool  does  he  cut  a  board  ? 

5.  How  does  he  make  it  smooth  ? 

6.  With  what  tool  does  the  tailor  cut  the  cloth  ? 

7.  How  does  the  shoemaker  cut  leather  ? 

8.  What  tools  does  the  farmer  use  ? 

9.  What  tools  do  you  use  to  make  a  garden  ? 

LESSON   25 

1.  The  tree  is  beautiful. 

2.  The  trees  are  green. 

3.  Is  the  tree  large? 

4.  Are  the  trees  tall  ? 

Is  the  first  statement  about  one  tree  or  more  than  one  ? 
What  is  the  second  statement  about?  In  which  state- 
ment do  we  use  is  ?     In  which  statement  do  we  use  are  ? 

We  use  is  in  the  first  statement  because  it  tells  about 
one.  We  use  are  in  the  second  statement  because  it 
tells  about  more  than  one. 

In  which  question  do  we  use  is?  Why  do  we  use  is? 
Why  do  we  use  are  in  the  last  question  ? 

We  use  is  in  a  sentence  about  one. 

We  use  are  in  a  sentence  about  more  than  one. 

Illustrate  the  uses  of  is  and  are  by  numerous  short  sentences  written  op  the 
board.     Review  statementy  question^  sentence. 


PART   II 


59 


WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Copy  these  sentences.  Fill  the  blank  with  is  if  the  sentence  is 
about  one.  Fill  the  blank  with  are  if  the  sentence  is  about  more 
than  one. 


I. 
2. 

3- 
4- 

5. 

6. 

7. 
8. 


The  blacksmith 


a  workman. 
-  in  the  shop. 


Two  blacksmiths  — 

What the  blacksmiths  doing  ? 

the  hammer  heavy? 

Wednesday the  third  day  of  the  week. 

the  coconut  trees  tall  ? 

My  brother at  school. 


Where 


your  parents 


LESSON    26 

Who  made  your  shoes  ? 

Some  shoes  are  made  of  leather.  White  shoes 
are  made  of  leather  and  cloth. 

Leather  and  cloth  are  called  materials. 

Iron  is  also  a  material.  What  is  made  of 
iron  ?     Of  what  material  is  a  box  made  } 


6o  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

Bamboo  is  a  very  useful  material.  Baskets 
and  many  other  things  are  made  of  bamboo. 

What  material  does  the  weaver  use?  What 
material  does  the  tailor  use? 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Write  ten  statements.  In  each  statement  tell  what  is  made  of 
one  of  these  materials  : 

1.  iron        3.    wood     5.   clay       7.   bamboo     9.  silver 

2.  paper     4.   cloth     6.   straw    8.   leather     10.  maguey 

LESSON  27 

January  May  September 

February  June  October 

March  July  November 

April  August  December 

How  many  months  are  there  in  a  year  } 

Read  the  names  of  the  months. 

What  is  the  name  of  the  first  month .?  What  is  the 
fourth  month  ?     What  is  the  last  month  t 

What  month  is  this  month  ?  What  month  was  last 
month  }      What  is  the  name  of  next  month  t 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  the  name  of  each  month 
begin  ? 

The  names  of  months  begin  with  capital  letters. 

Let  the  pupils  learn  the  names  of  the  months  in  their  order.  Do  not  assign  too 
many  names  at  one  time.  Drill  in  pronunciation.  Give  special  attention  to  the 
spelling.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  3. 

Review  the  names  of  the  days. 


PART   II  6i 


WRITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.    Copy  the  names  of  the  months. 

II.     Write  an  answer  to  each  question.     Make  each  answer  a 
statement: 

1.  How  many  days  are  there  in  a  week  ? 

2.  How  many  months  are  there  in  a  year? 

3.  In  what  month  is  Christmas  ? 

4.  In  what  month  is  your  birthday  ? 

5.  In  what  months  do  you  go  to  school  ? 

6.  How  many  school  months  are  there? 

LESSON  28 

Thirty  days  has  September, 
April,  June,  and  November. 
All  the  rest  have  thirty-one, 
Excepting  February  alone, 
Which  has  but  twenty-eight,  in  fine, 
Till  leap  year  gives  it  twenty-nine. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 
Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  How  many  months  have  thirty  days? 

2.  What  are  the  names  of  these  months  ? 

3.  How  many  months  have  thirty-one  days  ? 

4.  What  are  their  names  ? 

5.  What  month  has  less  than  thirty  days  ? 

6.  How  many  days  has  it  ? 


62  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  29 

It  is  raining  very  hard  today.     The  children 
have  no  umbrella.     They  cannot  go  to  school. 
They  are  looking  at  the  rain  and  saying, 
"  Rain,  rain,  go  away. 
Come  again  some  other  day." 

When  it  rains,  the  sky  is  dark  and  cloudy. 
Sometimes  we  see  the  lightning  and  hear  the 
thunder. 

Sometimes  the  wind  blows  very  hard.  It 
blows  down  trees  and  houses. 

When  it  rains  and  the  wind  blows  hard,  we 
have  a  storm.  When  it  rains  every  day,  we 
have  the  rainy  season. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Copy  these  sentences.  Fill  each  blank  with  the  name  of  a 
month : 

I.   The  rainy  season  begins  in . 


PART   II 


63 


2. 

3- 

4- 

5. 
6. 


In there  was  very  much  rain. 

The  wind  blows  hard  in . 

We  had  a  storm  last . 


The  farmer  gathers  coffee  in  . 

is  the  last  month  of  the  rainy  season. 


LESSON   30 

What  a  bad  day  this  is !  This  is  a  windy  day. 
How  do  you  know  that  the  wind  is  blowing? 

Sometimes  we  have  good  weather.  The 
weather  is  pleasant  when  the  sun  shines. 

In  the  rainy  season  we  have  much  wet 
weather.     In  the  dry  season  the  weather  is  dry. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 
Write  an  answer  to  each  question: 
I.    In  what  month  do  we  have  cloudy  weather? 

Review  the  names  of  the  days  and  the  months.  Ask  the  pupils  about  the 
weather  every  day.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  4. 


64  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

2.  What  kind  of  weather  have  we  in  March  ? 

3.  In  what  month  is  the  weather  cool  ? 

4.  What   kind    of   weather    have    we    in   the    rainy 
season  ? 

5.  In  what  months  is  the  weather  dry  ? 

6.  In  what  month  are  the  days  pleasant  ? 

7.  In  what  month  is  the  weather  bad  ? 

8.  What  kind  of  weather  have  we  today? 

LESSON  31 

THE  WIND 

Who  has  seen  the  wind? 

Neither  I  nor  you  ; 
But  when  the  leaves  hang  trembling, 

The  wind  is  passing  through. 

Who  has  seen  the  wind? 

Neither  you  nor  I ; 
But  when  the  trees  bow  down  their  heads, 

The  wind  is  passing  by. 

—  Christina  G.  Rossetti. 

Can  you  see  the  wind?  Can  you  hear  it?  Can 
you  feel  it? 

Why  do  the  leaves  tremble?  Why  do  the  trees 
bow  down  their  heads  ? 

Copy  the  poem  and  memorize  it. 
Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers  6. 


PART   II  65 


LESSON  32 

The  weather  vane  tells  from  which 
direction  the  wind  blows. 

There  are  four  directions:  north, 
east,  south,  west. 

When  the  wind  blows  from  'the 
west,  the  weather  vane  points  to  the 
west. 

From  what  direction  does  the  wind  blow  when 
the  weather  vane  points  to  the  south?  From 
what  direction  is  the  wind  blowing  today  ? 

Stand  with  your  face  to  the  north.  Point  to  the  east. 
Point  to  the  west.  Which  hand  points  to  the  east.f* 
Which  hand  points  to  the  west  ?     Where  is  south  ? 

WRITTEN  EXERCISE 

Copj/  these  sentences.  Write  the  name  of  the  right  direction  in 
each  blank: 

1.  My  home  is of  the  schoolhouse. 

2.  The  schoolhouse  is of  my  home. 

3.  When  I  go  home,  I  walk  toward  the . 

4.  The  market  is of  my  home. 

5.  The  schoolhouse  faces  the . 

Let  the  pupils  make  a  weather  vane.  It  may  be  in  the  shape  of  a  cock,  horse, 
or  arrow.    A  weather  vane  may  be  used  in  class  for  teaching  direction. 


66  FIRST   PRIMARY    LANGUAGE    BOOK 


LESSON  33 
WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  What  is  planted  in  this  field? 

2.  What  are  the  people  doing  ? 

3.  In  what  do  they  carry  the  leaves  ? 

4.  What  will  they  do  with  the  leaves  ? 

5.  In  what  months  do  farmers  cut  tobacco? 

6.  In  what  season  do  they  cut  it  ? 

7.  What  insect  eats  tobacco  ? 


LESSON  34 

The  changa  is  an  insect.     It  has 
four  wings  and  six  legs.    The  front 
legs  are  short  and  very  strong.     The  changa  can 
jump  very  far. 


PART    II 


67 


The  changa  can  walk  and  fly.  It  flies  in  the 
night  time.  It  cannot  fly  very  far.  Its  wings 
are  not  large. 

A  changa  can  dig  in  the  ground.  It  digs 
with  its  strong  front  legs. 

The  farmers  do  not  like  the  changa.  It  digs 
around  the  roots  of  their  plants,  and  eats  the 
young  plants. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.     Write  five  statements  about  the  cJianga. 

II.  Here  are  the  names  of  eight  kinds  of  insects.  Write  a 
statement  about  each  one  : 


I.    ant 

3.    mosquito 

5.    beetle 

7.    butterfly 

2.    fly 

4.    firefly 

6.   bee 

8.    spider 

LESSON  35 

A  changa  and  an  ant 
went  to  a  rice  field  to 
eat  dinner.  After  din- 
ner the  ant  picked  up  a 
grain  of  rice  to  carry 
home. 

"  Foolish  ant !  "  said 
the  changa.  ''  When  I 
am  hungry,  I  come  to 
the  field  to  eat.     Why  do  you  not  do  as  I 


do?'' 


68 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


1/       The   changa   laughed 
and  flew  away. 

One  day  the  changa 
came  to  the  field  again. 
He  was  very  hungry,  but 
he  could  find  no  rice. 
The  men  had  cut  all  the 
rice. 

The  changa  flew  and 
hopped  all  over  the  field.  At  last  he  came  to 
the  home  of  the  ant. 

"Can  you  give  me  some  rice  to  eat?"  he 
asked.  The  ant  laughed  and  said,  "  Why  did 
you  not  do  as  I  did?" 

Who  do  you  think  was  the  foolish  one  ? 

What  is  this  story  about  ?  Why  did  the  changa  and 
the  ant  go  to  the  rice  field  ?  What  did  the  ant  do  after 
dinner.?     Why  did  the  changa  call  her  a  foolish  ant  ^ 

Why  could  the  changa  find  no  rice  when  he  came 
to  the  field  again  ?  To  whose  home  did  he  come  ? 
What  did  he  say  to  the  ant  ?     What  did  the  ant  say  ? 

Tell  this  story  to  your  teacher. 

Copj/  the  story  about  the  changa  and  the  ant. 


LESSON  36 
How  many  days  has  December.? 


PART    II  69 


December  i  is  the  first  day  of  December. 

December  10  is  the  tenth  day  of  December. 

When  we  read  "December  i,"  we  say,  "December 
first." 

When  we  read  "  December  10,"  we  say,  "  December 
tenth." 

How  do  you  read  "March  23".? 

How  do  you  wTite  "June  fifteenth".? 

Read  these  dates: 

1.  February  28.  3.   August  19. 

2.  May  II.  4.    October  31. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.     Write  these  dates: 

1.  January  eleventh.  6.  February  twenty-second. 

2.  April  seventeenth.  7.  December  second. 

3.  July  fourth.  8.  March  thirty-first. 

4.  September  tenth.  9.  June  first. 

5.  November  thirtieth.  10.  August  ninth. 

II.    Copy  these  sentences.      Write  dates  iri place  of  the  blanks: 

I. is  the  first  day  of  the  year. 


Washington's  Birthday  comes  on 
is  Christmas. 


Three  Kings'  day  is 

My  birthday  is 

6.    Today  is . 

Review  Lessons  27  and  28. 


70  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

LESSON  37 

1.  Felix  Ramos  lives  in  Ponce. 

2.  Ponce  is  a  town  on  the  island  of  Porto  Rico. 

3.  Ponce  is  on  the  Portuguese  River. 

Where  does  Felix  Ramos  live?  What  is  the  name 
of  the  town?  In  what  town  do  you  live?  Write  the 
name  of  your  town. 

With  what  kind  of  letter  does  Ponce  begin  ?  With 
what  kind  of  letter  does  the  name  of  your  town  begin  ? 

The  names  of  towns  begin  with  capital  letters. 

On  what  island  is  the  town  of  Ponce?  On  what 
island  do  you  live  ?  San  Juan  is  a  city.  On  what  island 
is  San  Juan  ?  With  what  kind  of  letters  do  the  names 
of  islands  begin  ? 

The  names  of  islands  begin  with  capital  letters. 

On  what  river  is  Ponce  ?  Is  there  a  river  near  your 
town  ?  What  is  its  name  ?  With  what  kind  of  letters 
do  the  names  of  rivers  begin  ? 

The  names  of  rivers  begin  with  capital  letters. 

W^RITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.    Copy  these  names  of  towns  : 

1.  Bayamon     4.    Cabo  Rojo     7.    Coamo 

2.  Arecibo        5.    Mayaguez       8.    Guayama 

3.  Ponce  6.    Humacao       9.    Juana  Diaz 


PART   II 


n 


II.    Copy  these  names  of  islands  : 

1.  Porto  Rico         3.    Mona 

2.  Culebra  4.   Vieques 


5.  El  Desecho 

6.  Cuba 


III.    Copy  these  names  of  rivers  : 

1.  Loiza  3.    Jacaguas 

2.  Manti  4.    Coamo 


5.  Naguabo 

6.  Anasco 


LESSON  38 
WRITTEN   EXERCISES 

I.     Write  the  names  of  the  two  largest  towns  in  Porto  Rico. 
II.     Write  the  names  of  four  towns  near  your  tozvn. 
III.     Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  On  what  island  do  you  live  1 

2.  In  what  town  do  you  live  } 

3.  How  many  people  live  in  your  town } 

4.  How  many  towns  are  on  your  island  1 

5.  What  river  is  near  your  town.? 

6.  What  is  the  capital  of  your  island  1 

7.  In  what  direction  is  the  capital  from  your  town } 

8.  How  far  do  you  live  from  the  capital } 

9.  How  do  you  go  to  the  capital } 

10.  Who  is  the  governor  of  Porto  Rico? 

11.  Why  does  Mayaguez  begin  with  a  capital  letter.? 


72 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


^<LU 


o  o   o  o      O     o 


LESSON  39 

Is  there  a  plaza  in  your  town?  How  many 
streets  are  around  the  plaza?  What  buildings 
face  it  ?     Does  your  schoolhouse  face  the  plaza  ? 

What  is  on  the  plaza  ?  Are  there  trees  on  it  ? 
Is  there  a  path  across  the  plaza? 

Draw  a  map  of  the  plaza.  Show  the  streets.  Show 
where  the  church  is.  Show  all  the  buildings  that  face 
the  plaza.     Show  what  is  on  the  plaza. 

Take  the  pupils  to  the  plaza.  Let  them  walk  along  two  adjoining  sides  and 
count  their  steps.  This  will  help  them  to  get  an  idea  of  the  proportionate  length  of 
the  sides.  Call  their  attention  to  the  buildings  and  large  trees  on  and  around  the 
plaza,  and  their  respective  positions.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  7. 


LESSON  40 

On  market  day,  many  people  take  things  to  the 
market  to  sell. 

We  go  to  market  to  buy  things.  We  buy 
things  with  money. 

One  man  is  selling  a  chicken.  Mrs.  Lopez  is 
buying  the  chicken.  She  asks  the  man,  "  How 
much  is  this  chicken  ? "  He  says  it  is  fifty 
cents.     Mrs.  Lopez  will  pay  him  fifty  cents. 

Mrs.  Ramos  is  buying  onions.  How  many 
will  she  get  for  ten  cents  ? 

Who  is  buying  a  chicken  ?  Who  is  selling  the 
chicken  ?     Who  is  buying  onions  ? 

The  dollar  is  made  of  silver.  The  cent  is  made  of 
copper. 

IOC  cents  make  one  dollar. 


74  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

50  cents  make  one  half-dollar. 
2  half-dollars  make  one  dollar. 
5  cents  make  one  nickel. 

What  is  the  half-dollar  made  of  ?     What  is  the  nickel 
made  of? 

.    WRITTEN   EXERCISES 

I.     Write  the  names  of  ten  things  that  yoii  can  buy  in  the 
market. 

II.     Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  What  day  is  market  day  in  your  town  ? 

2.  What  direction  is  the  market  from  your  home? 

3.  What  does  the  farmer  sell  in  the  market  ? 

4.  What  can  he  buy  ? 

5.  What  do  the  women  sell? 

6.  How  much  do  you  pay  for  four  eggs  ? 

7.  How  much  rice  can  you  buy  for  50  cents? 

8.  How  many  cents  make  one  dollar? 

9.  How  many  cents  make  one  half-dollar? 
10.  How  many  half-dollars  are  in  one  dollar? 

LESSON   41 

Here  are  four  pictures.     These  pictures  tell  a  story. 
What  is  this    story  about  ?     Tell  the  story  to   your 
teacher. 

Show  the  pupils  different  coins.     Teach  them  the  value  of  each  coin.     Show  the 
relative  values  of  coins;   as,  for  example,  lo  cents  have  the  same  value  as  2  nickels. 


PART   II 


75 


What   does   each  goat   want 
to  do? 


Where  are  the  goats  ? 

Why  do  they  stop  ? 

What  kind  of  bridge  is  this? 


What  are  the  goats  doing 


What  happened  to  the  goats  ? 
Can  they  swim  ? 


LESSON  42 

I.     Mr.  2.     Mrs.         3.     Miss 

Here  are  three  titles.  We  write  these  titles  before 
the  names  of  persons. 

We  write  Mr,  before  the  name  of  a  man. 

Mr,  means  Mister,     Mr,  Reyes  means  Mister  Reyes, 

We  write  Mrs,  before  the  name  of  a  married  woman. 

Mrs,  means  Missis.  Mrs.  Brown  means  Missis 
Brown, 


'jt  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE  BOOK 

Mrs.  Brown  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Brown. 
We  use  Miss  before  the  name  of  a  woman  if  she  is 
not  married. 

Miss  Reyes  is  the  sister  of  Mr.  Reyes. 
With  what  kind  of  letters  do  all  titles  begin  ? 
After  which  titles  do  we  put  a  period } 

All  titles  begin  with  capital  letters. 
We  put  a  period  after  Mr.  and  Mrs. 

Read  these  names.     Which  are  the  names  of  men.? 
Which  are  the  names  of  women }     How  can  you  tell  .^^ 

1.  Mr.  Alvarez.  4.    Mr.  Aguilar. 

2.  Miss  Conde.  5.    Mrs.  Jackson. 

3.  Mr.  Natividad.  6.    Miss  Ramos. 

Copy  these  six  names. 


LESSON  43 

"  Good  morning,  Mr.  Reyes." 

'*  Good  morning,  Benito." 

"  How  are  you  this  morning?  '' 

"  I  am  very  well,  thank  you." 

"  Do  you  see  that  book,  Benito  ?  " 

''  Yes,  sir." 

**  Please  bring  it  to  me." 

"  Here  it  is,  Mr.  Reyes." 


PART   II  7^ 

"  I  thank  you,  Benito." 

"  You  are  welcome,  Mr.  Reyes.*' 

"  May  I  go  home  now,  Mr.  Reyes  ?  " 

"  Yes,  Benito,  you  may  go." 

"  Goodby,  Mr.  Reyes." 

"  Goodby,  Benito." 

What  do  you  say  to  your  teacher  when  you  come  to 
school  in  the  morning? 

What  do  you  say  when  you  go  home  ? 

How  do  you  ask  your  schoolmate  for  his  pencil  ? 

Copy  these  expressions : 

Good  morning.  Please. 

Good  afternoon.  I  thank  you. 

Good  evening.  You  are  welcome. 

Good  night.  Yes,  sir. 

Pardon  me.  No,  sir. 


Memorize  these  lines : 

Politeness  is  to  do  and  say 

The  kindest  thing  in  the  kindest  way. 

Teach  the  children  to  exchange  greetings  with  their  teacher  and  with  each  other. 
Teach  them  to  use  the  usual  polite  forms  in  their  everyday  conversation  both  in  and 
out  of  school.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  4, 


7^  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON    44 

Carlos  saw  some  women  washing  at  the  river. 
His  teacher  asked  him  what  he  saw.  These 
are  some  of  the  words  that  Carlos  used  in  his 
stateme^: 

1.  river  4.   wash  7.   rinse  10.   clean 

2.  bank  5.    rub  8.   clothes        11.   spread 

3.  rock  6.   soap  9.   dirty  12.   dry 


WRITTEN   EXERCISES 

I.    Use  each  of  the  above  words  in  a  sentence. 
II.    Copy  the  following  questions  and  write  a  complete  answer 
to  each:  * 

1.  What  is  the  kitchen  used  for.*^ 

2.  Who  cooks  the  food  ? 

3.  In  what  does  he  boil  the  rice.'^ 

4.  In  what  does  he  fry  meat  ? 

5.  In  what  room  do  you  eat? 

6.  When  do  you  eat  breakfast } 

7.  What  meal  do  you  eat  at  noon  ? 

8.  When  do  you  eat  supper .? 

9.  Who  washes  the  dishes  .f^ 
ID.  Who  sweeps  the  floor.? 

Encourage  the  children  by  questions  to  talk  about  the  things  and  activities  at 
home.  Ask  about  the  different  dishes  and  utensils  used  in  cooking  the  food  and 
in  serving  and  eating  it. 


PART    II 


79 


K^ 


LESSON  45 

What  time  is  it  ? 
It  is  ...  o'clock. 


What  time  is  it  ?  ^ 

It  is  .  .  .  minutes  past  five. 

What  time  is  it.? 

It  is  half  past  .... 

What  time  is  it  ? 

It  is  .  .  .  minutes  to  ... . 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 


Write  six  answer's  to  the  follow- 
ing question.  Find  the  answers  in 
these  clock  faces. 

What  time  is  it } 


Drill  the  pupils  on  answering  questions  about  the  time  of  day.  Show  them 
that  after  the  even  hours  we  use  the  word  o'clock,  as,  five  o'clock,  eleven  o'clock,  etc., 
and  that  we  omit  it  after  such  expressions  as  half  past  seven,  ten  minutes  tost  three. 
Jive  minutes  to  twelve,  etc. 


8o 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  46 

The  sun  rises  in  the  morning.  Are  you 
awake  at  sunrise? 

The  sun  rises  higher  and  higher.  At  noon  the 
sun  is  over  our  heads.    Noon  is  the  middle  of  day. 

The  part  of  day  before  noon  is  called  forenoon. 
Afternoon  is  the  part  of  day  after  noon. 

In  the  afternoon  the  sun  goes  down  lower  and 
lower.     When  the  sun  sets,  it  is  evening. 


WRITTEN   EXERCISE 
Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  When  does  the  sun  rise.? 

2.  Where  does  it  rise } 

3.  At  what  time  do  you  get  up  in  the  morning? 

4.  Where  is  the  sun  at  noon.? 

5.  Where  do  you  go  in  the  forenoon  .f* 

6.  What  do  you  do  in  the  afternoon? 


PART    II 


8i 


LESSON   47 


MORNING 


"The  cock  crows  in  the  morn 

To  tell  us  to  rise, 
And  he  who  lies  late 

Will  never  be  wise. 
For  early  to  bed, 

And  early  to  rise. 
Is  the  way  to  be  healthy 

And  wealthy  and  wise." 

Copy  this  rhyme  and  lear7i  it. 


LESSON   48 

Copy  these  lines  and  learn  them  : 

60  seconds  make  one  minute. 
60  minutes  make  one   hour. 
24  hours  make  one  day. 
7  days  make  one  week. 
12  months  make  one  year. 
365  days  make  one  year. 

Name  the  days  of  the  week.     Name  the  months. 
Name,   the    months   with    thirty  days.       Name    the 
months  with  thirty-one  days.     What  date  is  today.? 


LESSON   49 

How  dark  it  is  at  night ! 

There  are  many  stars  in  the  sky.  We  can- 
not count  them.     Some  stars  are  very  bright. 

You  can  see  the  big,  round  moon  behind  the 
bamboo  trees.     It  rises  higher  and  higher. 

How  bright  the  moon  is  when  it  is  high  in 
the  sky! 

The  moon  is  not  always  the  same  shape. 
Sometimes  it  is  round  like  the  face  of  a  clock. 
Sometimes  it  looks  like  a  curved  line. 

On  cloudy  nights,  we  cannot  see  the  moon 
and  stars. 

The  lamp  and  the  candle  give  us  light  at 
night.     We  can  study  by  the  light  of  the  lamp. 

Instruct  the  pupils  to  observe  the  moon  for  several  nights.  Let  th -m  notice 
that  it  seems  larger  near  the  horizon  than  high  in  the  sky,  although  it  is  always 
the  same  size.  Let  them  discover  that  the  moon  appears  later  each  night.  Call 
their  attention  to  the  changes  in  the  shape  of  the  moon  from  week  to  week. 


PART    II  83 


WRITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.    Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  At  what  time  does  the  sun  set? 

2.  Where  does  it  set  ? 

3.  Why  is  it  dark  at  night  ? 

4.  What  do  you  see  in  the  sky  at  night  ? 

5.  Why  is  it  very  dark  on  cloudy  nights? 

6.  How  does  the  moon  look  when  it  is  behind 
trees  ? 

7.  How  does  it  look  high  in  the  sky? 

8.  Where  does  the  big,  round  moon  rise  ? 

9.  What  can  you  see  in  the  face  of  the  moon  ? 

10.  Why  is  the  lamp  useful  ? 

11.  Write  five  statements  about  the  lamp. 
Draw  a  lamp. 

LESSON   50 

THE    MOON 

O  look  at  the  moon ! 

She  is  shining  up  there. 
O  Mother,  she  looks 

Like  a  lamp  in  the  air. 
Last  week  she  was  smaller 

And  just  like  a  bow; 
But  now  she  is  bigger, 

And  round  as  an  O. 


8-4 


FIRST    PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


LESSON  51 

Luis  is  looking  at  his  shadow. 
His  shadow  is  long  now. 
It  is  taller  than  Luis. 
His  shadow  is  black. 
When  Luis  runs,  his  shadow 

runs,  too. 
When  Luis  stops,  his  shadow 

stops. 
Sometimes  it  is  very  short. 
Now  it  is  shorter  than  Luis. 
Luis   cannot   understand   why 

his  shadow  is  short  now. 
This    morning    Luis    got    up 

before  sunrise. 
He  went  out  to    look   at   his 

shadow. 
But  he  could  not  find  it.    When 

did  he  find  it  again  ? 

When  is  your  shadow  very  long?  How  long  is  it 
just  before  sunset  ?  When  is  it  verj^  short  ?  On  what 
kind  of  days  have  you  no  shadow  ?  Did  you  ever  see 
your  shadow  at  night  ? 

Point  to  the  sun.  Point  to  the  shadow  of  the  school- 
house.  Where  will  the  shadow  of  the  schoolhouse  be 
this  afternoon.? 


PART    II 


85 


LESSON   52 
WRITTEN   EXERCISES 
I.     Write  statements  about  your  schoolhouse : 
Tell  whether  it  is  new  or  old.     Is  it  large  or  small  ? 
How  long  is  it  ?     How  wide  ?     How  high  ? 

What  is  the  floor  made  of  ?     The  wall  ?     The  roof  ? 
How  many  rooms  are  there?     How  many  windows? 
How  many  doors  ? 

Where  do  you  play  ?     What  games  do  you  like  to  play  ? 

II.     Write  an  answer  to  each  question : 

1.  How  many  children  are  in  your  school  ? 

2.  How  many  teachers  are  there  ? 

3.  What  is  the  name  of  your  teacher  ? 

4.  In  what  grade  are  you  ? 


86  FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 

.  5.  What  books  do  you  study? 

6.  What  study  is  hardest  for  you  ? 

7.  What  study  do  you  like  best  ? 

8.  At  what  time  does  your  school  begin  ? 

9.  Have  you  been  tardy  this  year? 

10.  How  many  times  have  you  been  absent  this  year? 

11.  Why  have  you  been  absent  ? 

12.  What  holiday  do  you  like  best  ? 

13.  When  does  your  vacation  begin? 

LESSON    53 

Make  a  flag  of  paper.  Make  the  flag  thirty 
centimeters  long  and  twenty  centimeters  wide. 
Be  sure  to  have  the  right  number  of  stars  and 
stripes. 

How  many  white  stripes  are  there  ?  Count  the 
red  stripes.  What  kind  of  stripe  is  at  the  top  of 
the  flag  ?     What  kind  is  at  the  bottom  ? 

The  stars  are  on  a  blue  field.  What  is  the 
shape  of  the  blue  field  ?  The  blue  field  is  always 
on  top  and  next  to  the  pole. 

Put  your  flag  on  a  stick  and  give  it  to  your 
teacher. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Write  six  questions  about  the  flag. 
Write  six  statements  about  the  flag. 

Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  7. 


PART   II  ^7 


LESSON   54 

A  book  has  two  covers.  The  covers  ^^^^^ 
are  made  of  thick  paper  and  cloth.  ^^H||/ 

Between  the  covers  are  many  leaves.  J^^Hfl 
The  leaves    are   made  of   thin   paper.  ^^BJI/P 

Each  leaf  has  two  pages.     A  book        ^r^ 
has  many  pages.     Find  page  nine  in  this  book. 

All  books  have  names.  The  name  of  a  book 
is  called  the  title.  The  title  of  a  book  is  on  the 
title-page.  Open  your  book.  Find  the  title-page 
of  this  book.     Read  the  title  of  this  book. 

We  can  read  books.     We  can  study  them. 

Books  are  our  friends.  We  are  kind  to  our 
friends.  We  should  be  kind  to  our  books.  A 
good  pupil  keeps  his  books  clean.  He  does  not 
tear  them  or  write  in  them. 

WRITTEN   EXERCISE 

Write  an  answer  to  each  question  : 

1.  What  IS  the  title  of  this  book.? 

2.  What  color  are  the  covers  ? 

3.  What  picture  do  you  see  on  the  front  cover? 

4.  How  many  pages  are  in  this  book  ? 

5.  On  what  page  is  the  picture  of  a  garden  ? 

6.  What  is  the  number  of  this  page  ? 

7.  What  is  the  number  of  this  lesson  ^ 


88 


FIRST   PRIMARY   LANGUAGE   BOOK 


8.  What  is  this  lesson  about  ? 

9.  What  can  you  do  with  your  books  ? 
10.    How  can  you  take  care  of  your  books  ? 


LESSON  55 
THE   BEST  BOOK 

There  are  many  good  books,  my  child, 

But  the  best  of  them  all  for  you 
Is  the  book  that  is  hid  in  the  greenwood  wild, 

All  bound  in  a  cover  of  blue. 

Tis  the  book  of  the  birds  and  the  bees, 
Of  the  flowers,  and  the  fish  in  the  brook ; 

You  may  learn  how  to  read  if  you  go  to  the  trees. 
And  open  your  eyes  and  look.— Charles  Keeler. 

The  best  book  is  Nature.  You  can  see  it  outdoors. 
The  covers  are  the  blue  sky.  The  trees,  the  bees,  the 
flowers,  the  fish,  are  the  stories.  Do  you  like  these 
stories  ? 

Copy  the  poem  and  memorize  it. 


PART   II 


89 


LESSON   56 


Let  the  pupils  tell  something  about  each  picture.  Their  statements  should  be 
short  and  simple.  After  the  oral  drill,  let  them  write  one  statement  about  each 
picture.     Read  Suggestions  to  Teachers,  8. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   TEACHERS 

Read  carefully  the  following  suggestions  before  teaching  any  of 
the  lessons  in  this  book :  — 

Study  each  lesson,  together  with  the  notes  and  the  references  at 
the  foot  of  the  page,  before  assigning  it.  Give  no  more  than  the  pupils 
can  grasp  or  fully  understand,  and  no  more  than  you  can  cover  in 
a  class  period.  Always  explain  to  the  pupils  what  they  are  to  do. 
Never  leave  a  lesson  until  the  class  has  learned  and  understands  it. 

1.  Oral  Work.  —  Encourage  the  children  to  talk  freely,  using  short 
statements  and  questions,  about  things  whose  names  they  know  and 
with  which  they  are  familiar.  Always  correct  all  errors,  but  do  not 
discourage  the  pupil  who  makes  many  mistakes. 

Give  much  oral  drill  in  asking  questions.  Stimulate  conversation 
by  having  pupils  ask  each  other  questions  and  answer  themselves. 

Give  special  attention  to  pronunciation.  Drill  frequently  in  pro- 
nouncing difficult  words  and  sounds. 

2.  Written  Work.  —  Let  oral  drill  precede  all  writing  exercises. 
Before  attempting  to  write,  the  pupils  should  know  clearly  what  to  do 
and  how  to  do  it. 

Tell  them  how  to  put  their  work  on  paper.  They  should  use  the 
form  on  page  92.  Accept  no  work  unless  it  is  carefully  and  neatly 
done.     Show  the  best  papers  to  the  class. 

Correct  with  pencil  all  mistakes  on  the  pupils'  papers,  and  make 
a  list  of  the  errors.  Return  the  papers  and  give  the  pupils  a  few 
minutes  to  look  over  their  corrected  work.  Let  them  ask  questions 
about  their  mistakes.  Always  show  them  how  to  make  corrections. 
Consult  your  list  to  see  that  all  the  errors  have  been  discussed. 

Now  let  the  pupils  rewrite  their  corrected  exercises  as  a  part  of 
the  next  lesson.  The  new  copy,  together  with  the  original  paper,  is  to 
be  handed  in.  If  any  pupil  has  failed  to  make  all  the  corrections,  let 
him  write  the  exercise  a  third  time.  A  written  exercise  is  not  fin- 
ished until  he  can  write  it  correctly.  Be  in  no  hurry  to  get  through 
a  lesson. 

3.  Spelling.  —  Assign  no  spelling  lesson  to  your  pupils  until  you 
know  what  words  they  misspell. 

90 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   TEACHERS  91 

Make  a  list  of  the  pupils  in  your  language  class.  After  each  name 
put  the  correct  form  of  the  misspelled  words  found  in  that  pupil's  writ- 
ten work.  Ask  each  child  to  put  the  correct  forms  of  the  words  which 
he  has  misspelled  into  a  little  book  such  as  may  be  made  by  folding 
two  sheets  of  composition  paper.  Let  him  study  these  words  and 
write  them  on  his  slate  until  he  learns  them.  A  few  minutes  of  a 
recitation  may  be  taken  for  a  spelling  exercise.  Praise  a  pupil  if  he 
has  few  misspelled  words.  For  additional  suggestions  on  spelling  read 
the  paragraphs  under  "  Dictation." 

4.  Dictation.  —  Do  not  take  up  any  dictation  exercise  until  the 
class  has  takeu  up  Part  II. 

For  dictation  select  five  or  six  short  sentences  from  some  lesson 
which  the  class  has  studied. 

Sometimes  a  dictation  lesson  may  be  made  of  short  sentences 
which  make  use  of  such  words  as  the  pupils  misspell  in  their  written 
work. 

When  you  dictate,  read  each  sentence  slowly  and  pronounce  each 
word  distinctly.  Do  not  read  the  words  separately.  Do  not  let  the 
pupils  write  until  the  whole  sentence  has  been  read. 

In  correcting  these  papers  look  especially  at  spelling,  capitaliza- 
tion, punctuation,  proper  formation  of  letters. 

5.  Copy  Exercises.  —  The  purpose  of  the  copy  exercises  is  to  make 
the  pupil  familiar  with  the  forms  of  words  and  expressions. 

No  exercise  should  be  copied  until  it  has  been  studied  and  is  fully 
understood. 

Correct  these  papers  just  as  you  correct  dictation  papers. 

6.  Poems.  —  The  poems  should  be  carefully  studied  and  read  in 
class.  Ask  questions  about  them.  Explain  the  new  words  and 
phrases.  When  the  pupils  understand  a  poem,  let  them  copy  and 
memorize  it. 

Review  frequently  the  poems  they  have  learned.  Pupils  may 
recite  these  poems  at  school  exercises. 

7.  Drawing  and  Busy  Work.  —  In  some  lessons  are  found  simple 
pictures  which  the  children  can  draw.  The  work  can  be  varied  by 
letting  them  draw  a  picture  and  write  statements  about  it. 

Where  the  lesson  suggests  the  making  of  something,  encourage 
the  children  to  bring  some  article  they  have  made.  Let  them  tell 
how  they  made  it,  of  what,  and  with  what  tools. 


92  SUGGESTIONS   TO   TEACHERS 

Have  the  children  do  and  make  things  in  school.  This  kind  of 
exercise  awakens  interest  and  stimulates  conversation. 

8.  Picture  Study.  —  The  pupils  should  study  the  pictures  as  care- 
fully as  any  part  of  the  lesson.  Not  only  should  they  learn  the  names 
of  the  things  in  the  pictures,  but  they  should  be  able  to  tell  something 
about  them.  The  pictures  tell  a  story  which  the  children  should  put 
into  words. 

The  pictures  of  Part  I  especially,  with  the  accompanying  short 
reading  lesson,  offer  considerable  material  for  conversation. 

9.  Development  of  New  Topics.  —  Beginning  with  the  first  lesson 
of  Part  II,  each  new  topic  is  developed  in  the  first  part  of  the  lesson 
by  means  of  questions  and  directions  addressed  to  the  pupils.  The 
pupils  should  study  this  part  of  the  lesson.  In  class  let  each  pupil 
answer  the  question  or  follow  the  direction  which  he  reads.  Then  let 
the  pupils  close  their  books  and  ask  the  questions  which  they  have 
read. 

Rules  for  Form  of  Written  Work 


I, 

This  story  is 

Juan  Santos 
about  the  crow. 

2. 

The  crow  wants  to  drink  because 

he 

is 

thirsty. 

3- 

He  finds  some 

water 

in  a  jar. 

SUGGESTIONS   TO   TEACHERS  93 

Teach  the  pupils  these  rules  of  form  for  all  written  work :  — 

i.    The  pupil's  name  should  be  a  half-inch  from  the  top,  to  the 

right. 

ii.   In  writing  questions  or  answers  to  questions,  let  the  pupils 

follow  the  form  at  the  bottom  of  page  92  :  — 

a.  The  first  sentence  of  the  exercise  should  begin  on 
the  first  line. 

b.  The  sentences  should  be  numbered,  with  a  period 
after  the  number. 

c.  Every  sentence  should  begin  one  inch  from  the 
edge  of  the  paper.  When  the  number  is  used  at  the 
beginning  of  the  sentence,  it  should  be  one  inch  from 
the  edge. 

d.  If  a  sentence  takes  more  than  one  line,  the  part  of 
the  sentence  on  the  following  line  or  lines  should  begin 
a  half-inch  from  the  edge.  The  next  sentence  begins 
on  a  new  line. 

iii.  In  copy  exercises  the  form  of  the  lesson  in  the  text  is  to  be 
followed. 

Each  paragraph  should  begin  one  inch  from  the  edge,  and  a  margin 
of  a  half-inch  is  to  be  allowed. 

iv.  Lists  of  words  should  be  written  in  columns. 

Insist  on  regular  margins  and  straight  columns. 


VOCABULARY 

The  words  in  italics  appear  in  poems  only. 


about 

beautiful 

buy 

coffee 

door 

fifteenth 

above 

became 

by 

collar 

down 

fill 

absent 

bed 

color 

draw 

find 

across 

bee 

Cabo  Rojo 

column 

dress 

fine 

afraid 

beetle 

call 

comb 

drew 

finger 

after 

before 

came 

come 

drink 

fire 

afternoon 

begin 

camisa 

Conde 

drive 

firefly 

again 

behind 

can 

coo 

drop 

first 

Aguilar 

belong 

candle 

cook 

dry 

fish 

air 

Benito 

cane 

cool 

duck 

five 

Alfonso 

beside 

cannot 

copied 

flag 

all 

best 

capital 

copper 

each 

flew 

alone 

between 

care     . 

copy 

ear 

floor 

also 

big 

Carlos 

corn 

early 

flower 

Alvarez 

bill 

Carmen 

corner 

earthworm 

fly 

always 

birds 

carpenter 

could 

east 

fold 

am 

birthday 

carried 

count 

eat 

follow 

an 

black 

carry 

cover 

egg 

food 

anasco 

blacksmith 

cart 

cow 

eight 

foolish 

and 

blank 

cat 

crab 

El  Desecho 

foot 

animal 

block 

catch 

crawl 

eleventh 

for 

answer 

blossoms 

cent 

creep 

Elisa 

forenoon 

ant 

blow 

center 

crow 

else 

fork 

Antonio 

blue 

centimeter 

Cruz 

Espinosa 

forward 

anything 

board 

chair 

Cuba 

evening 

found 

April 

boat 

changa 

Culebra 

ever 

four 

are 

body 

chick 

curved 

every 

fourth 

Arecibo 

boil 

chicken 

cut 

except 

frame 

around 

bone 

children 

eye 

Friday 

as 

book 

Christmas 

dance 

friend 

ask 

bottle 

church 

dark 

face 

frog 

at 

bottom 

circle 

date 

fall 

from 

August 

bound 

city 

day 

family 

front 

awake 

bow 

clap 

dear 

fan 

fruit 

away 

box 

Clara 

December 

far 

fry 

boy 

class 

deep 

farmer 

full 

baby 

branch 

claw 

desk 

fast 

fun 

bad 

bread 

clay 

did 

father 

bake 

breakfast 

clean 

dig 

feather 

game 

ball 

bright 

climb 

dinner 

February 

garden 

bamboo 

bring 

clock 

direction 

feel 

gate 

banana 

brook 

cloth 

dirty 

feet 

gather 

bank 

brother 

clothes 

dish 

Felicidad 

gave 

bark 

brown 

cloud 

do 

Felisa 

Guayama 

basket 

build 

cloudy 

does 

Felix 

get 

Bayamon 

buried 

Coamo 

dog 

fell 

girl 

be        ' 

but 

coat 

doll 

fence 

give 

bean 

butterfly 

coconut 

dollar 

field 

given 

94 


VOCABULARY 


95 


go 

horse 

left 

Miss 

onion 

pole 

goat 

horse-shoe 

leg 

Missis 

only 

politeness 

goes 

hot 

less 

Mister 

open 

Ponce 

good 

hour 

lesson 

Mona 

or 

poor 

goodby 

house 

let 

Monday 

other 

Porto  Rico 

governor 

how 

letter 

money 

our 

Portuguese 

Gracia 

Humacao 

lettuce 

month 

out 

post 

grade 

hungry 

lift 

moon 

outdoors 

pot 

grain 

hurt 

light 

more 

over 

pretty 

grandmother 

lightning 

morn 

ox 

pull 

grass 

I 

like 

morning 

oxen 

pupil 

grasshopper 

in 

hne 

mosquito 

Pussy 

greedy 

insect 

little 

mother 

Pablo 

put 

green 

into 

live 

mouth 

page 

greenwood 

iron 

Hzard 

Mr. 

panuelo 

question 

grew 

is 

Loiza 

Mrs. 

paper 

ground 

island 

long 

much 

parasol- 

radish 

grow 

it 

look 

must 

pardon 

rain 

its 

love 

my 

parent 

raindrop 

had 

low 

parrot 

rainy 

hair 

Jacaguas 

Luis 

Naguabo 

part 

raise 

half-dollar 

Jackson 

Luisa 

name 

pass 

rake 

hammer 

January 

Natividad 

past 

Ramon 

hand 

jar 

made 

Nature 

path 

Ramos 

handkerchief  Juan 

maguey 

near 

paw 

ram 

hang 

Juana  Diaz 

make 

neck 

pay 

read 

happened 

July 

man 

neither 

Paz 

ready 

hard 

jump 

mane 

Nero 

Pedro 

red 

has 

June 

mango 

nest 

pencil 

Reyes 

hat 

just 

Manti 

new 

people 

rhyme 

have 

Manuel 

next 

period 

rice 

he 

keep 

many 

nickel 

person 

ride 

head 

kept 

map 

night 

pick 

right 

hear 

kick 

March 

nine 

picture 

rinse 

heart 

kind 

march 

ninth 

piece 

ripe 

heavy 

king 

mark 

no 

pig 

rise 

help 

kitchen 

market 

none 

Pilar 

rock 

hen 

kite 

married 

noon 

pile 

roof 

her 

knife 

mat 

north 

pillow 

roll 

here 

know 

material 

nose 

pin 

room 

hid 

may 

not 

place 

root 

high 

lake 

May 

November 

plant 

rope 

him 

lamp 

Mayaguez 

now 

plate 

rose 

his 

lantern 

meal 

number 

play 

rough 

hoe 

large 

mean 

playmate 

round 

hold 

last 

measure 

obey 

plaza 

row 

holiday 

laugh 

melon 

o'clock 

pleasant 

rub 

home 

lay 

memorize 

ctoher 

please 

ruler 

hoof 

lazy 

men 

of 

plow 

running 

hook 

learn 

Mercedes 

old 

pod 

hop 

leather 

middle 

on 

poem 

said 

horn 

leaves 

minute 

one 

point 

same 

96 


VOCABULARY 


Sanchez 

six 

straw 

thing 

turkey 

well 

San  Juan 

skin 

street 

think 

twenty 

were 

Saturday 

skirt 

strike 

third 

twenty-eight 

west 

saw 

sky 

stripe 

thirsty 

twenty-nine 

wet 

say 

slate 

strong 

thirtieth 

twenty-second  what 

school 

sleep 

study 

thirty 

two 

when 

schoolhouse 

slender 

sugar-cane 

thirty-first 

where 

schoolroom 

slippers 

sun 

thirty-one 

umbrella 

whether 

scissors 

slow 

Sunday 

this 

under 

which 

scratch 

small 

sunrise 

three 

up 

white 

season 

smell 

sunset 

through 

us 

who 

second 

smile 

sunshine 

throw 

use 

whole 

see 

smooth 

supper 

thunder 

useful 

whose 

seed 

soap 

sure 

Thursday 

why 

seen 

soft 

swam 

tie 

vacation 

wide 

sell 

soil 

sweep 

till 

vane 

wife 

sentence 

sold  • 

time 

vegetable 

wild 

September 

some 

table 

title 

veil 

will 

set 

something 

tail 

title-page 

very 

window 

seventeenth 

sometimes 

tailor 

to 

Vieques 

wind-wheel 

Sexto 

south 

take 

tobacco 

voice 

windy 

shadow- 

spider 

tall 

today 

wing 

shall 

spin 

tardy 

toe 

wake 

with 

shape 

spoon 

teacher 

tomato 

walk 

woman 

sharp 

spread 

tear 

tomorrow 

wall 

women 

she 

square 

tell 

tongs 

want 

wood 

shine 

stand 

ten 

tonight 

warm 

word 

ship 

star 

tenth 

too 

was 

work 

shirt 

statement 

than 

took 

wash 

workman 

shoemaker 

stay 

thank 

tool 

Washington 

write 

shoes 

stem 

that 

top 

water 

shop 

steps 

the 

toward 

way 

yard 

short 

stick 

their 

town 

we 

year 

should 

stone 

them 

tree 

wear 

yellow 

show 

stood 

then 

tremble 

weather 

yes 

side 

stop 

there 

tried 

Wednesday 

yesterday 

silver 

storm 

these 

trot 

wee 

yoke 

sing 

story 

they 

trousers 

weed 

you 

sir 

stove 

thick 

trunk 

week 

young 

sister 

straight 

thin 

Tuesday 

welcome 

your 

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